Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Future Natural Products 2783-4662 10 1 2024 12 31 Ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities of scarlet gourd 39 43 10.34172/fnp.169 EN Sura Ramesh Sai Harshini https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1121-3947 Deeksha Vijaykumar https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7767-4454 Vennala Sadali Venugopal https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9094-259X Thanushree Balakrishan https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6986-4574 Monisha Bhupalam Srinivas https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8088-4086 Ramsha Thabassum https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6748-9041 Adnan Mushtaq https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0295-7764 Bagepalli Srinivas Ashok Kumar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4542-6166 REVIEW 10.34172/fnp.169 2024 04 25 2024 09 18 Background and aims: Scarlet gourd, a common name for Coccinia grandis, is an essential plant due to its immense medicinal properties. It is traditionally used to treat bronchitis, cough, skin diseases, epilepsy, psoriasis, wound healing, smallpox, leprosy, gonorrhea, malaria, and jaundice. Methods: The scientific information on C. grandis was obtained from various sources, including Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and other scientific databases, covering 2005 to 2022. Results: The bioactive components of C. grandis include taraxerone, lycopene, heptacosane, cephalandrine, lupenol, vitamins, triterpenoids, and saponins. The pharmacological activities of the scarlet gourd are antidiabetic, antipyretic, antimalarial, antihistamine, antihypertensive, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antitussive, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antifungal effects. Conclusion: Due to its bioactive components, scarlet gourd (C. grandis) exhibits diverse pharmacological activities, including antidiabetic and anticancer effects. However, many traditional uses remain scientifically unverified, warranting further research.